Stem cell ethics Essay Example For Students

Stem cell ethics Essay MLA style also specifies guidelines for formatting manuscripts and using the English language in writing and also provides a writers with a system for cross-referencing their sourcesfrom their parenthetical references to their works cited page. This cross-referencing system allows readers to locate the publication information of source material. This is of great value for researchers who may want to locate your sources for their own research projects. The proper use of MLA style also shows the credibility of writers; such writers show accountability to their source material. Most importantly, the use of MLA style can protect writers from accusations of plagiarismthe purposeful or accidental use of source material by other writers without giving appropriate credit. We will write a custom essay on Stem cell ethics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now All guidelines for MLA style are in the MLA Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (2nd edition). If you are asked to use MLA format for a research paper, the book to consult is MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (6th edition). Copies of these books are on the reference shelves in the Writing Lab (226 Heavilon Hall) and in the HSSE Library; it is also widely available in bookstores, libraries, and at the MLA web site. Our additional resources section also has links to other helpful books and resources on using MLA style. Included here is a brief summary of MLA style for the research paper. Basic Paper Format Making Reference to the Works of Others in Your Text Your Works Cited List (and Examples) Basic Forms For Sources In Print Basic Forms For Electronic Sources Other Types of Sources A Note on Notes Additional Resources Basic Paper Format The preparation of manuscripts in MLA style is covered in chapter four of the MLA Style Manual, as well as in chapter three of the Handbook for Writing Research Papers. Here are some basic guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style. For additional help with formatting a document in MLA style, see our additional resources section. General Guidelines Type your paper or write it on a computer and print it out on standard-sized paper (8.5 X 11 inches). Double-space your paper. Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides. Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or whoever is reading the manuscript may ask that you omit the number on your first page. Always follow their guidelines.) Use either underlining or italics throughout your essay for highlighting the titles of longer works and providing emphasis. If you have any notes, include them on a page before your works cited page and format them the same way as your works cited list. Formatting the first page of your paper Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested. Provide a double-spaced entry in the top left corner of the first page that lists your name, your instructors name, the course, and the date. Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or whoever is reading the manuscript may ask that you omit the number on your first page. Always follow their guidelines.) Center your title on the line below the header with your name, and begin your paper immediately below the title. Here is a sample first page of an essay in MLA style: Purdue 1 Pete Purdue Dr. B. Boilermaker English 101 12 November 2000 Building a Dream: Reasons to Expand Ross-Aide Stadium During the 2000 football season, the Purdue Boilermakers won the Big Ten Conference Title, earned their first trip to the Rose Bowl in thirty-four years, and played consistently to sold-out crowds. Looking ahead .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 , .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 .postImageUrl , .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 , .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96:hover , .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96:visited , .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96:active { border:0!important; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96:active , .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96 .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9db9f648c4b8b2b6b47125347f2fad96:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Testing Essay HookFormatting your works cited list Begin your works cited list on a separate page from the text of the essay. Label the works cited list Works Cited (do not underline the words Works Cited nor put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. Double space all entries and do not skip spaces between entries. If youre looking for more help with MLA format, Diana .

The eNotes Blog Seven Wonderful Christmas Stories Listen, Love,Remember

Seven Wonderful Christmas Stories Listen, Love,Remember Looking for some great Christmas stories to listen to as you cook or wrap gifts?   Here are some of the best, both modern and traditional, to make your holiday tasks fly by! The Santaland Diaries made humorist David Sedaris famous in 1997.  The story recounts the exploits of a 30-something under-employed author who finds a temporary job at Macys department store, working as an elf  in Santas Village.  I wear green, velvet knickers, a forest green velvet smock and a perky little hat decorated with spangles. This is my work uniform, the story begins. Sedaris is deservedly famous both for his humor and his keen insight into human behavior. A Christmas Memory by Truman Capote. Hear Capote himself  read this touching Christmas story as he remembers his childhood with his eccentric, child-like aunt, who made the young authors troubled childhood not only bearable but special.   The story invites us as ghostly guests to Imagine a morning in late November. A coming of winter morning more than twenty years ago. Consider the kitchen of a spreading old house in a country town. A great black stove is its main feature; but there is also a big round table and a fireplace with two rocking chairs placed in front of it. Just today the fireplace commenced its seasonal roar. Christmas Freud by David Rakoff. In 1996, New Yorks Barneys department store, famous for their elaborate and sometimes eccentric Christmas display windows, hired essayist David Rakoff to play Sigmund Freud to create a live performance art piece. Rakoff sat in the window. Various actors pretended to be his patients before a crowd of curious and often confused onlookers. Rakoff records his thoughts about his role in the farce as well as numerous funny, cynical observations about the crowd. A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. Listen to this classic tale read by Orson Welles in this 1938  version, recorded live  at the historic Mercury Theatre.  There is still time to mend your ways! The Little Match Girl by Hans Christian Andersen. Along with The Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen is responsible for recording in print a good number of the folktales with which most of us are familiar.  In this sentimental story, written in 1845, a poor child lives out her hopes and dreams in her imagination, even as her life slips away. Twas the Night Before Christmas by  Clement Clarke Moore. Who doesnt know  Clement Clarke Moores famous opening lines? Twas the night before Christmas, / And all through the house, / Not a creature was stirring, / Not even a mouse. Listen to the poem in its entirety as you bake with your kids or wrap up those last minute gifts once theyre in bed! John Henry Faulks Christmas Story. A traditional favorite on NPR, storyteller and musician John Henry Faulks recollections of the holidays in his native Texas have been a staple of holiday listening for fans since 1974.  The  tale begins with Faulk as an adult. He recalls: The day after Christmas a number of years ago, I was driving down a country road in Texas. And it was a bitter cold, cold morning. Walking ahead of me on the gravel road was a little bare-footed boy with non-descript ragged overalls and a makeshift sleeved sweater tied around his little ears. I stopped and picked him up. Looked like he was about 12 years old and his little feet were blue with the cold. He was carrying an orange. That orange, who gave this impoverished child so much joy, makes Faulk, and his listeners, re-evaluate their priorities during the hectic holiday season.

Crime Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Crime - Assignment Example The Supreme Court argued that based on the school administrators say, they needed to maintain discipline and order at school. T.L.O possession of cigarettes was enough to determine if she was truthful as she was caught in the bathroom and then taken to the office. That was reasonable to assume that there were cigarettes in her purse. The deputy principal, therefore, had enough reasons to suspect rules had been broken prompting a search immediately. As deputy principal searched for the cigarettes, he noted the evidence for drugs was in plain view. A condition where the evidence is in plain view gives an exception to the Fourth Amendment. The reasonable search for drugs led to discovery of drug related materials. The search further continued to reveal the cigarette rolling papers and the bag of marijuana (Bosher, Cate & Richards 3-5). The case followed the constitutional requirements where personal rights particularly the Fourth Amendment should not be violated and at the same time social order is maintained. Following the right procedures with bring sanity to school environments. Bosher, William C., Kate R. Kaminski, and Richard S. Vacca. The school law handbook what every leader needs to know. Alexandria, Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2004.

Politeness in Discourse Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Politeness in Discourse Analysis - Essay Example    Due to its expansive scope, politeness has been a subject of interest to academics in various disciplines, including linguistics, cognitive psychology, social psychology, philosophy, communication, and others (Chimombo & Roseberry 1998). A potent instrument for attaining control over an interpreter is politeness. The concept of politeness obviously fulfills a major function in the level of cooperation among participants in the dialogue. Politeness is cultural in nature (Martin 1993). As argued by Goffman (1956), what makes politeness crucial is the reality that discourses commonly give the interpreter a ‘face threatening act’. Negative responses, such as refusals, are one instance of such an act. If people ask courteously for something and are brusquely turned down, then they may feel humiliated or offended. People of several cultures view such straightforward conduct as a threat to one’s face, implying the personal image that the individual shows in a dialogue. If one individual insults another by performing a face-threatening act, the reply, in contemporary colloquial or informal English, could be â€Å"Get outta my face!† (Holtgraves 2002: 39). The extent of frankness that an individual could tolerate without sensing that a face-threatening act has been performed seems to rely greatly on culture.  Ã‚  Efforts that have been made to furnish an explanation of politeness that is wide-ranging enough to be relevant across cultural frontiers have been fairly broadly criticised (Fraser 1990).  

How does financial crisis affect currency Research Paper

How does financial crisis affect currency - Research Paper Example The levels of blame on the causes of the disaster were assigned partly to financial institutions, consumers, credit agencies, government housing policies, and regulators. The most proximate cause, however, was the rise in subprime lending (Blinder, 2013). It was difficult to understand how the collapse of the sub-prime mortgage threatened to collapse the US financial system and the economy. The governments had to inject trillions of taxpayers’ dollars into the financial systems and still, especially in the US, people lost their homes, savings and jobs. The collapse of the housing bubble was the spark that ignited the chain of events that eventually brought the fall of the 2008 crisis. The collapse was fueled by easy and available credit, low interest rates, toxic mortgages, and scant regulations. This means that there were trillions of dollars embedded in the risky mortgages throughout the system. As the mortgage related securities got sold to the investors around the world, packaged and repackaged, there was a lot of money embedded in the risky business. Markets and financial institutions that had been exposed to these mortgages and that had borrowed heavily against them suffered losses worth billions of dollars in the mortgages, as well as their related securities. The losses were magnified by synthetic securities and other derivatives not only in the US, but also around the globe. Through this, the trading ground was brought to a halt and the stock market plummeted, plunging the economy into a deep recession. The effects of the financial crisis were universal mainly due to the financial markets being globalized, as well as the existence of technology, which transformed the speed, efficiency and complexity of financial transactions and instruments. Many great economies reported the worst market declines after the twin towers’ crisis of September 11th,

History of Maclaurin Series

History of Maclaurin Series MACLAURIN series is the expansion of Taylor series about 0. So we can say that it is a special case of Taylor Series. Where f (0) is the first derivative evaluated at x = 0, f (0) is the second derivative evaluated at x = 0, and so on. Maclaurin series is named after the Scottish mathematician Maclaurin. In mathematics, the Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms calculated from the values of its derivatives at a single point. The Taylor series was formally introduced by the English mathematician Brook Taylor in 1715. If the series is centered at zero, the series is also called a Maclaurin series, named after the Scottish mathematician Colin Maclaurin who made extensive use of this special case of Taylors series in the 18th century. It is common practice to use a finite number of terms of the series to approximate a function. The Taylor series may be regarded as the limit of the Taylor polynomials. HISTORY Colin Maclaurin Born: Feb 1698 in Kilmodan (12 km N of Tighnabruaich), Cowal, Argyllshire, Scotland Died: 14 June 1746 in Edinburgh, Scotland Colin Maclaurin was born in Kilmodan where his father, John Maclaurin, was the minister of the parish. The village (population 387 in 1904) is on the river Ruel and the church is at Glendaruel. EXPANSION Suppose that f is a real function, all of whose derived functions f (r)(r=1, 2,†¦) exist in some interval containing 0. It is then possible to write down the power series This is the Maclaurin series (or expansion) for f. For many important functions, it can be proved that the Maclaurin series is convergent, either for all x or for a certain range of values of x, and that for these values the sum of the series is f(x). For these values it is said that the Maclaurin series is a valid expansion of f(x). The function f, defined by f(0)=0 and for all x ≠  0, is notorious in this context. It can be shown that all of its derived functions exist and that f (r)(0)=0 for all r. Consequently, its Maclaurin series is convergent and has sum 0, for all x. This shows, perhaps contrary to expectation, that, even when the Maclaurin series for a function f is convergent, its sum is not necessarily f(x). The Maclaurin series of a function f(x) up to order n may be found using series [f(x,0,n)].The nth term of a Maclaurin series of a function f can be computed in mathematics using series coefficient [f(x,0,n)] and is given by the inverse Z transform. Maclaurin series are the type of series expansion in which all the terms are non negative integer powers of the variable. Other more general types of series include the Laurent series. Calculation of Taylor series Several methods exist for the calculation of Taylor series of a large number of functions. One can attempt to use the Taylor series as-is and generalize the form of the coefficients, or one can use manipulations such as substitution, multiplication or division, addition or subtraction of standard Taylor series to construct the Taylor series of a function, by virtue of Taylor series being power series. In some cases, one can also derive the Taylor series by repeatedly applying integration by parts. Particularly convenient is the use of computer algebra systems to calculate Taylor series. Maclaurin series for common functions: for -1

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay -- Robert Louis Stev

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson, is a story rife with the imagery of a troubled psyche. Admittedly taken largely from Stevenson’s dreams, it undoubtably sheds light on the author’s own hidden fears and desires. Written at the turn of the 19th Century, it also reflects the psychology of society in general at the same time when Sigmund Freud was setting about to do the same thing. While Freud is often criticized for his seemingly excessive emphasis on sexual suppression as the leading cause of psychological disturbances, the time period in which he lived was exceedingly strict on what constituted appropriate and inappropriate behavior. Accordingly, Freud hypothesized that the majority of people were obliged to hide their unacceptable thoughts and feelings down in the depths of their unconscious from whence they would inevitably escape from at a later time to manifest in a variety of ways. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde illustrates Freud’s theory of repression throughout the entirety of the story and shows the negative consequences associated with this coping strategy. Henry Jekyll is the character who has repressed the most and who consequently suffers the direst of outcomes. In his statement of his experiences leading up to the emergence of Edward Hyde, one anticipates the revelation of some early trauma of a fairly significant scale that would clarify the man’s need to regress to an alternate identity. However, Jekyll’s letter is free from any mention of anything of the sort. He instead emphasizes his â€Å"gaiety of disposition†, and his â€Å"guarantee† of a â€Å"distinguished future,† while steering clear of any descriptio... ...he reveals his struggle as he â€Å"sought with tears and prayers to smother down the crowd of hideous images and sounds with which my memory swarmed against me† (57). His fight with repression was a losing battle as was everyone else’s. They made the mistake of believing that an issue can be buried deep enough in the unconscious to remain hidden forever. Had Freud’s theories been made public a few years earlier they may have realized the irrationality of their actions and that openly addressing troubling material is the only way to resolve it. For as the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde makes disturbingly clear, small problems can grow into catastrophic ones when they finally break the surface, and they inevitably will as the fog cannot hold forever. Works Cited Stevenson, Robert Louis. Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. New York: Norton, 2003.

Australian Paper Mfg

The fourth option Is one that focuses on diminishing the environmental impact of Amp's operations. While the fourth option has merit in alleviating environmental concerns, it does not have a costive financial impact on Amp's operations. AMP created four distinct products that serve the specific needs of four consumer segments. These segments include offset printing, copy paper, taprooms, and recycled paper. The respective segments all offer different contribution margins to Amp's operations and vary greatly in their respective growth in demand over the next six years.The key operational decision is one that affords AMP the flexibility to use additional capacity to meet the growing demands of the most profitable sub-segments of the uncoated fine paper market. Conclusion AMP should choose the option outlined by the group general manager that affords the most flexibility to meet the growing demand in the uncoated fine paper market. That being considered, AMP must also meet the predeterm ined returns required by its parent corporation, Amoco.These targets are required for the release of capital to AMP, and while Amoco has set minimum return thresholds, AMP should strive to create the largest return on investment to its parent company. Option 1, described in the Appendix, satisfies this obligation to Amoco and allows AMP the most flexibility In using Increased capacity. This option also allows AMP to return considerable cash flow over the five year period without overextending Its operations beyond the market demand.Identification Key operations generalness They key operations challenge for AMP is the need to adapt its operations strategy in order to expand its capacity and meet the growing demand in the uncoated fine paper market. AMP is currently at its maximum throughput capacity and must invest considerable capital to expand its operations. The company is contemplating several different courses, each with valid business context, and must ecocide which option allo ws AMP to best meet the growing demand while maintaining and developing further competitive advantages.Operations Strategy Amp's operations strategy focuses on superior customer service and quality compared to its competitors in the fine paper industry. AMP made the decision to enter the uncoated fine paper market in 1987 and used its experience in paperboard manufacturing to Jump start this expansion. As the success of Amp's fine paper production ramped up, the company deemphasized its dependence on the paperboard market. This business decision influenced Amp's operational decision o invest in efficient technology that allowed it better quality and cost advantaged compared to its competitors.Furthermore, AMP opted to vertically integrate its operations to include pulping for non-recycled paper and the collection of used office paper in order to gather raw materials to compete in the recycled paper market. Customer Needs AMP competes to satisfy its customers' needs of quality and en vironmental performance. The company invested considerable resources in state of the art equipment that provides superior fine paper via four distinct offerings: Printing, Darting, CopyRight, and Right.Printing was designed to satisfy the offset printing needs of businesses, Darting was designed to suit form creation, CopyRight was created for everyday copying, and Right was a recycled office paper offering targeted at the environmentally conscious customer. Each of these products met the specific quality standards of its target customers. AMP utilized superior technology that created a higher quality paper than any of its competitors. Amp's investment in more efficient technology also paid off in satisfying the environmental considerations of its customers.The processes and equipment that AMP used rated fewer organogenesis than the old machines and processes of Paper Company of Australia (PICA), Amp's chief competitor. Furthermore, Amp's investment in Right scored the endorsement o f the World Wildlife Fund for its respect for and positive impact on the environment. This coupled with Amp's initiative of the â€Å"AMP Office Paper Chase† (Upton, 1993, p. 13) placed the company well ahead of its competition in terms of satisfying the environmental performance needs of its customers.Business context Tort Immediate Decision The market for uncoated fine paper was projected to grow at a rate of 6. 5% annually for the next ten years. The market for copier paper alone, a sub-segment of uncoated fine paper, was projected to grow at a rate of 10% per year for the next decade. The CEO of AMP stated â€Å"If we sit still, we'll get hurt sometime before the year 2000. Whoever takes the next big step will have it made in Australia†¦ If PICA decides to expand†¦ What will their net increase be† (Upton, 1993, up. 15-16)?In addition to these financial considerations, AMP and the Australian paper market at large continue to face mounting pressure from env ironmental groups that are opposed to any further expansion of the paper industry. Environmentalists have urged paper manufacturers to â€Å"think globally, act locally' (Upton, 1993, p. 16) and to â€Å"reduce first, reuse second, and recycle third† (p. 16). In order to either satisfy the requests of the environmentalists or to contradict their wishes, AMP must make an operational decision sooner rather than later to avoid these mounting pressures.Analysis and Evaluation of Critical Decision Factors Competitive Analysis AMP has quickly established itself as the growing force in the domestic uncoated fine paper market in Australia. Its chief competitor is Paper Company of Australia PICA). PICA dominated the Australian uncoated and coated fine paper market for many years with virtually no domestic competition. Pica's processes and equipment are out-of-date and still rely on machinery that was manufactured in the sass.PICA also forced its customers to purchase its products thr ough merchants, while AMP developed a direct sales approach with customers. The secondary source of competition exists among the imported paper products in the Australian market. Low tariffs allowed for international competitors to enter the market and compete with domestic paper supply. Until AMP opted to enter the uncoated fine paper market, each domestic paper manufacturer in Australia kept to its own markets.Five Forces The rivalry among competing sellers in the fine paper market in Australia is fairly strong because the cost for consumers to switch products is low, the products are weakly differentiated, the competitors are roughly equal in size, many import competitors exist, and there are high exit barriers due to the high fixed costs and capital investments required to enter the fine paper market. The advantages that AMP and PICA benefit from include the rising demand for fine paper in the market ND domestic competition is limited to these two competitors. The threat of pote ntial new competitors is fairly weak in the fine paper market.This is because high barriers to entry exist in the fine paper market, including high economies of scale, experienced-based cost advantages for existing firms, high capital requirements to enter the market, and restrictive environmental policies on paper contest new entrants and the existing members generally stay in their own lanes. The potential risks associated with new entrants to the market include the rapidly growing demand for fine paper and that existing industry members could make operational changes to concentrate on the growing recycled paper segment of the fine paper market.The threat from other firms offering substitute products in the Australian fine paper market is very low. Virtually no substitutes exist for paper, and at this time, the business and personal computer market is Just beginning to take shape. Supplier bargaining power in the Australian fine paper market is also very weak. This is because both AMP and PICA have vertically integrated their operations. AMP controls its own foresting, pulp mills, and paper manufacturing plants. While he foresting areas are limited, AMP has utilized a replanting strategy which creates more trees than it presently uses in its operations.Therefore, there is no need to use outside suppliers for its operations. The bargaining power of buyers is only a moderate risk to AMP and the Australian paper market. Buyers have limited power because the cost of switching products is low and the products are generally undifferentiated. However, the buyers are small and numerous relative to the sellers in the market, buyer's information regarding sellers is limited in quantity and quality, ND buyers are generally not price sensitive in this market because paper purchases are a small part of the total purchases and cost structure of most organizations.STOW Analysts The STOW Analysis for AMP reveals the following: Strengths ; Highest quality domestic paper prod ucts ; Most efficient domestic paper-making technology with customers ; Direct relationships ; Focused products on four distinct customer segments ; Satisfy customer needs of quality and environmental performance ; Part of a larger company (Amoco) with ability to invest capital in growth ; One of only two domestic fine paper manufacturers in country strength in fine paper processes Right paper product Weaknesses ; Expertise in paperboard has translated to ; Endorsement of World Wildlife Fund for ; Relatively new to the fine paper market ; Brands/products not as well-known as heritage market brands Insufficient capacity to meet growing demand ; High expansion costs/capital required ; High fixed costs Opportunities ; AMP Office Paper Chase initiative to gather more recycled paper ; Ability to expand Ana capture greater snare AT growing Tine paper market ; Recycled paper market growing with support of environmentalists Non-chlorine bleaching process technologies available ; PICA is in the corsairs of environmental groups Threats ; Mounting pressure against expansion from environmental groups Possible legislation/litigation against manufacturing processes ; PICA may invest in new technology/opt to expand its operations ; Import competitors may create newer, higher quality, and/or low cost products to gain market share ; New competitors, domestic or international, may enter the market ; Disease that affects trees/replanting efforts Financial Analysis AMP had no presence in the uncoated fine paper market in 1986. I Long-term Uncoated Fine Paper Market in Australia (000 tones) 11986 1 I Category I Forecast I Demand I I Continuous Forms I PICA I Make Share I Imports I I Category I Demand I I Offset Printing 144 178 16 17. 7% I Copier 10 1150 166 144. 0% 1302 195 I I Recycled 131. 5% I 130 123 176. 7% I Total Amp's contribution margin per product is driven first by its recycled paper, then its copier paper, followed by offset printing paper and continuous forms.Copier paper comprises the largest percentage of Amp's manufacturing, followed by offset printing, continuous forms, and recycled paper, respectively. Contribution Margin for AMP in I 11989 I Tones I Produced 117,000 | 28,000 125,000 | 7,000 I Contribution I per tone | $460 1260 1490 1610 I Total Contribution I Share 7820,oho 124. 7% 123. 0% 138. 7% 113. 5% I I Copier I I Total The group general manager of AMP outlined four potential capital projects in the case study. Each of these options and their respective costs relative to the capacity they provide are outlined in the table below. Option 1 provides the best cost per tone AAA t 01 IANAL capacity galena AMP. Upton 3 proposes no allotment capacity Tort I Evaluation of capital expenditures and options I Lipton 1 I I Machine 3 at Marble expanded from 70,000 to 100,000 tones for $MOM I Capacity may be used for expansion of any fine paper product production (installation time) 30,000 additional capacity I I Unknown: Time from investment to I Additional capacity Capital required 1,166. 67 I Price per tone of I Lipton 2 I Fairfield expansion from 7,000 tones to 1 5,000 tones for $MOM I Capacity may be used for expansion of recycled paper 8,000 2,250. 00 I Lipton 3 Investment in technology to reduce organogenesis has no impact on Amp's capacity or throughput respectively, with no return on investmentI Requires $MOM and $MM I | $MOM investment would reduce throughput by 5% I Lipton 4 I I Investment to purchase/ install new paper machine with 150,000 tones capacity for $MOM I I Capacity may be used for expansion of any fine paper product I lunation: cost of new pulp mill associated with this project, return garnered from selling excess pulp capacity, I Demand for coated paper market 1 50,000 I Capital required 2,333. 33 Price per tone AT allotment capacity Alternative Recommendations Option 3 from the financial analysis has been eliminated, as it offers no additional capacity. Because additional capacity represents the lar gest opportunity for AMP, only capital projects that yield greater capacity should be considered at this time. The remaining three options and a combination option are presented in the table in the Appendix. Recommendation and Plan of Action It is recommended that AMP utilizes Option 1 immediately.Option 1 is the only option that provides a near-immediate increase in capacity while satisfying Amos's requirement (Amp's parent company) off 20% rate of return. The first option provides over $32 million in positive net present value and a 36. 1% internal rate of return over the course of the next five years. Option 1 also yields the most flexibility in satisfying the growing demand in the uncoated fine paper market. Option 2 does turn a positive net present value of $1. 8 million for AMP, but only provides a 10. 67% internal rate of return. Because the project only yields an additional 8,000 tones of capacity, it cannot satisfy the rate of return requirements of Amoco.The third option r equires the largest outflow of capital and produces the highest level of capacity. However, market demand is insufficient to Justify this capital expense at this time. This is further supported by the negative net present value and negative rate of return calculations. Option 4 combines the first two options, in which case the combined capacity and capital outlay collectively satisfies the required return for Amoco. However, the net present value and the internal rate of return are lower with the combined option than the first option. Competitive Advantage If AMP acts on the recommendation to move forward with Option 1, it will gain the competitive advantage of capacity.However, even with the added capacity granted y Option 1, AMP can only expect to reach parity with the capacity of PICA. This is supported by Pica's current output of 108,000 tones of uncoated fine paper and Amp's current output of 77,000 tones. With neither domestic competitor in position to take full advantage of t he market's growing demand for uncoated fine paper, which will reach 305,000 tones by 1995, import competitors may gain the largest competitive advantage. ‘s principle competitive advantage In ten market Is ten quality AT Its products Because AMP has invested considerable capital into newer technology than PICA, it is n a better position to continue this domestic lead over its rival.Similarly, Amp's investment in more efficient technology has placed it in a better position to deal with the environmental concerns associated with paper manufacturing. Conversely, Pica's outdated technology and processes create more pollution and have caused it to become the target of environmentalist groups. Impact to Business, Customers, and Competitors If AMP is able to enact Option 1, it stands to gain over $15 million in additional cash flow per year, in addition to $32 million in positive net present value over the course of five years, and a 36. % return on its investment. This increase in capacity will also allow AMP to match the output of the market leader, PICA.The customers of the Australian paper market stand to benefit from Amp's additional capacity in terms of quality, availability, and environmental performance. AMP uses more efficient technology to create higher quality products. The increase in capacity from AMP will allow these products to be available to more consumers. Amp's emphasis on recycled paper manufacturing will also help to satisfy the growing demand in this segment and assuage environmental concerns about increased domestic paper manufacturing PICA will be impacted, at least short term, by the increased capacity created by AMP through the utilization of Option 1. This increased capacity will allow AMP to continue its momentum in gaining market share. However, the uncoated fine paper market is growing quickly.By 1995, even with the utilization of Option 1 by AMP, neither PICA nor AMP will have sufficient capacity to meet the market demand for unc oated fine paper. Therefore, import competition will also have a strong advantage in gaining market share. The only way to prevent the market demand increases from benefiting international competitors is for AMP, PICA, or another domestic competitor to considerably expand capacity and/or enter the uncoated fine paper market. AMP must act quickly to continue its growth in the uncoated fine paper market. The market is expanding rapidly, and with both AMP and PICA operating at full capacity the market is ripe for the company that can create it. Option 1 is the most logical operational choice for AMP that also makes good business sense.Option 1 quickly expands its current capacity by 30,000 tones per year in the most versatile ill that can use the capacity to meet any demand that arises in the market. Adding any additional options presented brings down NAP and AIR for the company. However, AMP should closely monitor the uncoated fine paper market for the next several years Ana reevaluat e ten expected level AT mean IT . ten mean accelerates at a faster-than-expected pace, or once demand has reached a level in which it becomes possible for AMP to Justify the significant capital investment of a new pulp mill and large capacity machine, it should consider expanding its capacity to take advantage of this growing demand. References Upton, David. (December 13, 1993). Australian Paper Manufacturers (A). Harvard Business School. 9-691-041.

buy custom Public Smoking essay

buy custom Public Smoking essay Public smoking exposes non-smokers to cigarette smoke. It occurs involuntarily and is known as a secondhand smoke (Romp, 2011). Secondhand smoke has various health hazards to people who do not use tobacco (Christensen, 2003). In some circumstances, its effects are similar to those experienced in smokers. Secondhand smoke in enclosed places has almost same effects as smoking. It results in involuntary smoking and thus causing detrimental health effects. Tobacco affects people in varying ways. This occurs because human bodies react to foreign substances differently due to the differences in the genes (Oaks, 2001). Either way, effects of secondary smoke should be avoided since it occurs involuntarily (Kabat, 2008). Many of the non-smokers do so voluntarily. They do so due to various reasons most of which are health related. Bans on public smoking thus should be implemented to protect innocent people from smoke related health dangers (Romp, 2011). Various health complications, which may even lead to death, are caused by secondhand smoke. Effects in infants Severe health effects occur in infants because of secondhand smoke. This is attributed mainly to their tender bodies, which cannot withstand the smoke (Oaks, 2001). These effects are so serious that they even lead to the death in some cases. A myriad of complications occur in infants because of public smoking (Kabat, 2008). Apart from causing death, effects of the secondhand smoke cause various detrimental consequences (Christensen, 2003). Some of these effects affect the individual even in adulthood. Secondhand smoke increases risk of asthma in infants. The smoke affects the respiratory system and thus causing asthmatic reactions (Romp, 2011). Asthmatic children, who are exposed to smoke, experience more serious asthmatic conditions. This occurs because of the chemicals in the smoke, which interfere with respiration (Romp, 2011). Serious asthmatic attacks can lead to death in infants. Secondhand smoke triggers such attacks and thus may lead to death of infants. Infants in families where smoking occurs get such attacks more often than in families of non-smokers. It also results in sudden infant death syndrome (Oaks, 2001). The smoke causes coplications in the lungs resulting in death. This is very common in the US and other countries where smoking is widely practiced. The syndrome may also occur due to a combination of complications in the system of the infant (Romp, 2011). The chemical in the smoke triggers these complications. Secondhand smoke causes over four hundred deaths of infants in the US per year (Kabat, 2008). This unwanted loss of innocent lives calls for action against the secondhand smoke. This can be reduced by banning public smoking hence such bans are welcome. The smoke exposes these young ones to the lung infections (Romp, 2011). These result in diseases such as bronchitis. These diseases cause serious health conditions, which are even fatal to infants. The infections increase the risks of contracting tuberculosis in infants (Christensen, 2003). Various infections thus occur because of the lung infections. Even not taken care of, these infants may end up dying. It also causes impairment in the breathing system. This occurs mainly because the smoke has the effect of slowing the growth of the lungs (Kabat, 2008). The smoke has other various effects in infants. It is known to cause allergies in infants. They occur due to the reaction against chemicals such as nicotine present in the smoke (Romp, 2011). It also affects the nervous system of the young (Kabat, 2008). This causes nervous disorders, which are carried on even to the adulthood. These may cause difficulties in learning and coordination as well. Its effects are also known to cause the middle ear infections. This is related to the effects caused by the smoke to the lungs. Such serious health issues cannot be overlooked. This calls for bans on public smoking since it will help to reduce such cases. Smoke is a major cause of the cancer today. It is mainly associated with lung cancer (Oaks, 2001). It also causes the breast cancer and more so on women who have not yet reached the menopause (Kabat, 2008). Secondhand smoke is a significant contributor of cancer cases. Passive smoking damages lungs of non-smokers leading to complications, which result in cancer. This is attributed to chemicals present in the smoke, more so nicotine (Christensen, 2003). It damages the lung tissues resulting in cancerous cells. Passive smoking is also known to be a major cause of brain tumoors in non-smokers. Cancer is difficult to cure particularly in its later stages. Today cancer is one of the major killers and most deaths are smoke related. This calls for ban of public smoking to protect those who do not use the product (Oaks, 2001). Secondhand smoke results in coronary diseases in non-smokers. This occurs mainly to those exposed to the smoke in enclosed places. Smoke is known to cause obesity and thus resulting in the heart complications (Kabat, 2008). This smoke also increases the risk of stroke upon exposure. Stroke causes deaths and thus involuntary smoke may result in deaths. The smoke also increases the heart rate in people particularly in those with heart problems (Kabat, 2008). This increases the risk of heart attack and deaths of people exposed to the secondhand smoke. Passive smoking causes premature birth (Oaks, 2001). This occurs when a mother is exposed to the smoke while pregnant. Premature births may be a reason of the death of newborns. Passive smoking of pregnant mothers also leads to the birth of underweight babies. It also affects the spine of the fetus during its development. This results in back pains of the victims during their adulthood (Oaks, 2001). Tobacco business is known to create huge revenues to governments. However, the gains are eroded by the health implications of smoking. Cancers and other diseases caused by smoking are difficult to treat (Christensen, 2003). They require expensive equipments thus call for significant investments. A big fraction of health budgets in many countries are devoted to treatment of these diseases. To reduce these economic effects, ban on public smoking is needed. This will reduce the number of such diseases hence saving the governments money (Kabat, 2008). Passive smoking has various health effects to non-smokers. They are similar to those experienced by smokers. This results in people involuntarily suffering from smoke related diseases. These diseases have negative impacts to human health (Kabat, 2008). They lead to millions deaths annually in various countries. They also account for large amounts of medical expenditure. I therefore agree that smoking in public places should be banned because of the health risks for non-smokers. Buy custom Public Smoking essay

NHC The Importance of a Human Resource Manager

NHC The Importance of a Human Resource Manager In a poor community one of the most important things to have is a health facility. Health is wealth as the saying goes, a simple statement but true. A successful career and all the material wealth that comes with it is incomparable to health. But poverty provides barriers for those who are not insured and could not afford to pay the fees of a medical doctor or avail of the health services of a private clinic.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NHC: The Importance of a Human Resource Manager specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, in poor places like North Suburbia it is imperative to maintain the Neighborhood health clinic (NHC). However, the NCH is plague with monetary and employee-related problems. There are many solutions that NHC leaders can consider but it can be argued that hiring a competent human resource manager is the most effective solution that can create an immediate positive effect. The Trouble at NHC There was a time when North Suburbia was an attractive place to live. Due to an economic boom in the 1980s, Caucasians, African-Americans, and Hispanics began to replace the American-Indians that used to dominate the region. After a while, and because of significant shifts in the economic climate of the place, African-Americans became the majority. However, this trend did not last for long because high cost of living and expensive housing drove many away and the vacuum left was soon filled in by Hispanics. The only common denominator is that most of the residents are poor regardless of their ethnic background. Poverty easily creates a chain reaction of negative effects. The workload increases but the patients that come to NHC cannot afford to pay the bills. The NHC cannot run on good will and compassion alone. It must have a steady cash flow in order to buy medicines, purchase necessary equipment and pay for the wages of the health workers. Thus, the members of the board and top lea ders of NHC must also divide their time to not only manage the facility but also to raise funds for the health center. But aside from the lack of funds other pressing concerns threatens to shut down the NHC. There is a culture and communication issue. There is a need to have equal representation in terms of ethnic composition of the work force.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If NHC fails to attract African-American workers then the members of the black community would not be encouraged to use the services of the said facility, thinking that the place is run by Hispanics. If the situation is reversed the same thing will happen to the sentiments of the Spanish-speaking members of North Suburbia, they too will feel uncomfortable in availing the services of the NHC. The most sought after members of the community that should work in the health center are African-A mericans; however, they are some of the most unreliable groups of workers that can be found at NHC. These are undependable workers because they are the byproduct of an environment struggling with a high crime rate, gangs, and drug use. According to one health officer: â€Å"some potential employees also had criminal records, were recovering from problems with substance abuse or had complicated family issues that could potentially interfere with their work schedules† (Denend, 2005, p.65). The situation calls for an expert in human resource management. It is of great importance to upgrade the workforce and the leadership core of NHC, nevertheless, â€Å"despite the tremendous need for training, NHC had been limited in the amount of time and money it devoted to staff development† (Denend, 2005, p.65). There must be continuous training to update the skills of the health workers. At the same time it is also crucial to bring them to a level of maturity and confidence in orde r to minimize the risk of errors. Most Effective Solution At first glance the root cause of the problem is poverty and the lack of funds. But in truth these are social issues that NHC must not focus on. Surely it is important to increase the earning capacity of the members of the community but the main task of NHC is not to stimulate the economic recovery of the said region. At first glance it seems that members of the board must work harder when it comes to fund-raising endeavors. But weighing all the problems there is one action that can address a major portion of the issues. The leaders must put their heads together to attract and hire a competent human resources manager.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NHC: The Importance of a Human Resource Manager specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The core problem was echoed by one employee who said, â€Å"There’s no HR here, so everything goes to management† (Denend, 2005, p.66). Imagine the confusion and the burden carried by the officials of NHC when they try to put out fires without solving the root cause of the troubles that they face. They have to realize quickly that even if they raise funds, the money will be wasted on hiring the wrong people and the added cost of errors in the workplace, not to mention work-related violence, can close down the NHC. Members of the board must remember that there is a close connection between employee performance and customer satisfaction (Buttle, 2004). This is the domain of an HR manager. They are able to deal with an assortment of employment problems. The first order of business is to develop the correct strategies in order to hire the right personnel. It is therefore imperative to hire a competent HR manager because the HR department acts like a filter that will sift through the application data, in order to choose the right candidate for the task at hand. It is important to realize that recru itment processes and strategies must be enhanced to adapt to the challenges faced by the community (Buttle, 2004, p.9). The HR manager must learn to use information to be able to predict to a certain degree that an applicant possess the right characteristics suited for the job. A competent HR manager possesses the right qualification to provide the necessary training for the employees. A competent HR manager also understands the ethical issues that are in existence. Therefore, the hiring process as well as the methodologies used for training the employees must be carefully studied so that there would be no complaints from the community. Nevertheless, it is not enough to hire the right people and train them; an effective motivation program must also exist.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More HR managers know the value of motivation and the need for employees to work at the highest levels. They are aware that motivation enables health workers to strive for a higher standard of service excellence (Moynihan Pandey, 2007, p.803). HR managers are trained to develop and maintain a system of monitoring in order to determine the performance of the members of the staff. They know how to detect a significant drop in performance levels and when that occurs a competent HR manager is also capable of raising-up the standards once again. HR managers must work closely with the management team at NHC to pinpoint proven methods of motivation so that it will meet changes in the community and at the same time inspire the workforce (Boella Goss-Turner, 2005, p.42). The members of the board and other managers are focused on the medical aspect of the health center and can easily neglect the needs of the workers. The need to motivate employees is imperative in every form of business but in t he case of NHC it is a matter of life and death. It is not just about profit but the survival of the community. Without a reliable workforce, the health center will be forced to shut down. Motivation is the key but it is not a byproduct of wishful thinking, it is the result of careful planning. It requires specific knowledge and experience on how to manage the human resources aspect of the NHC. Conclusion It is easy to understand why the members of the board focused on raising funds. Without a sustainable source of income the NHC can close down in a year or two. However, a focus on the monetary aspect of the problem will never solve most of the issues because at the core of the problem is the lack of management expertise, especially in the area of human resource management. Even if the said facility has access to money, the current crop of employees are unable to maximize it to help those in need. Tardiness, errors in the workplace and unsatisfactory service easily defeat the purpos e of the NHC. The goal is to help people and therefore aside from the need to purchase medicines and equipment it is imperative to have well-trained and well-motivated health workers doing their job. The most important step is to hire a competent HR manager in order to increase the efficiency of the NHC and reduce its overhead costs so that the funds can be stretched even further to provide service for those who are desperately in need of medical care. References Boella, M. Goss-Turner, S. (2005). Human Resource Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Buttle, F. (2004). Customer Relationship Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Denend, L. (2005). Neighborhood Health Clinic: Serving the Underserved in a Complex Environment. CA: Stanford Graduate School of Business. Moynihan, D. S. Pandey. (2007). Finding Workable Levers Over Work Motivation: Comparing Satisfaction, Job Involvement, and Organizational Commitment. Administration and Society, 39(7), 803-832.

Production of Robot Model SANR Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Production of Robot Model SANR - Term Paper Example The firm that is analyzed in the paper is SANR, a European leader in machinery production with an objective of availing cutting-edge solutions to various end user needs for a long time. Opening the new product line within the current capacity not only presents competitive promises of the modern technology standards but also opens unique chances for portfolio diversification. In the initiation of the new product line, the company aims to achieve certain market driven objectives as outlined below. i) Keep up with the pace of smart technology experienced in modern gadgets while maintaining its work mechanization tradition ii) Venturing into high-end programmable products iii) Penetrating exciting market segments iv) Making relevant technology contributions to business Over and above its main objectives, the organization has yearly objectives. These are as outlined under: Aims of SANR in the first year - Let people know the product - Establish itself as a reliable business - Sell at least 15 robots -Sell at least 6 unites within the first half of the year - Rest of the year 9 robots Aims of SANR in the second year -Sell at least 35 robots - Upgrade the robot by adding new functions including a house protection system. An alarm, for example. Aims of SANR in the third year - increase price per unit to 200,000 Pounds - open new stores in Dubai & Paris - Develop new robots in new format - Sell over 150 units per year ... An alarm, for example. Aims of SANR in the third year - increase price per unit to 200,000 Pounds - open new stores in Dubai & Paris - Develop new robots in new format - Sell over 150 units per year The Business Opportunity The unique aspect of the opportunity that the launch of the product is likely to enjoy mainly depends on the excitement created by the various products under the brand SANR Robot. Under the SANR robot brand, the company will present various innovations offering exciting mechanization to seven different end users. The main robot products will include; office personal assistance, massage services, office calls response, hair washing, skincare, cleaning and food and drink service. It therefore follows that the wide spectrum of target markets presents a wide range of business opportunities. According to the initial production, the product launch will target office solutions for personal assistance and call centre solutions, followed by other commercial robot products namely cleaning and beauty. The final launch will include the food and beverage market solutions, with customized use such as by leading food outlets such as the McDonalds on whose recommendation the production segment is hugely dependent. In terms of the opportunity presented by the use of the capacity achieved by SANR in the operations of its machinery production business, the new product faces a better survival chance than when the plant is a new distinct aspect. As an illustration, technical capacity currently available will only require reorganization and deployment with little additions. Alternately, having an established market presence through other various machinery lines that SANR deals in is an added advantage for the

Leading Change through Integrated Product Development Assignment

Leading Change through Integrated Product Development - Assignment Example The success or failure of a product purely depends on the customers. A product would retain its market if only if it meets the expectations of the customer. This clearly reveals that a product’s lifetime is in the hands of the users. Some products fail, even if they are manufactured by considering the requirements of the customer. The reason is that it might not be usable for the specific user group to which it was intended to be. The target group must be decided well in advance to ensure that the product is developed particularly for that user group. The goal of a product manufacturing company must be to prepare products that are suitable for the intended user group. This goal can be achieved by implementing certain unique techniques which makes the process easier. These techniques, in turn, specify the ways in which a product can be developed to suit the target group. This will ensure that the product serves the intended purpose. Instead of changing the way in which a product is developed, the companies can implement these techniques after which they can be sure of achieving their mission. An organization generally creates and develops a product based on the customer’s requirements. Once the client’s requirements are received the product is developed. A product cannot be developed without a well-defined set of principles. (Rainey, 2005) This is accomplished using product management and its techniques. Product management is a complete set of techniques and principles that define the way in which a product should be developed. Implementing these principles eases the process of product development and marketing. These principles are implemented to manage initial requirements, costs of the product, allocation of resources and managing risks that may arise in the product development process. Management defines the way in which a product must be developed and proposes certain strategies and planning procedures.